Health & Nutrition

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PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)

PCOS is often diagnosed in adolescence. Menstrual irregularity, acne, and hirsutism are the major findings in this age group. However, these features of PCOS overlap with those of normal adolescence. Family history of PCOS, overweight or low birth weight, exposure to androgens during gestation, precocious puberty, obesity, and IR are risk factors that are related…

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Mechanics of Breathing

Breathing Mechanics Breathing, called ventilation consists of two phases, inspiration and expiration. During inspiration the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles contract. The diaphragm moves downward increasing the…

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